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Literacy is a civil right. We're here to support the journey of learning how to read.
Literacy Misconceptions
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Guided reading is an incredibly important component of reading instruction. Ironically, in most current educational curriculums and programs, it's also the most underutilized instructional activity.
A study in 2012 reported that at-risk readers in kindergarten read orally on average for just over one minute per day. The results also showed that 5% did not read at all, and 50% read less than a minute per day.
A letter-sound is the distinct sound that a letter makes in spoken language. This is not to be confused with the name of a given letter. There is only one name for each letter (for example: 'A'), however there can be several letter-sounds for a given letter. Listen to how the sound of the letter 'A' changes in each of these words as you say them: apple, clay, talk.
A phoneme is a small unit of sound, based on letter pronunciation, that helps differentiate words. For example, only the ending phoneme of these words has been swapped: car, cat, can, cap. There are 44 phonemes in the English language.
When a phoneme or group of phonemes are in written form, they are displayed as a symbol known as a grapheme. All of the following words are an example of the phoneme for a hard 'F' letter-sound, or the grapheme /f/: fun, phone, frog, fast.
Helpful Resource: For the proper pronunciation of each phoneme (and more), consult the free app "Phonogram Sounds".
Phonics involves matching letters or groups of letters with their sounds in spoken English. When a word is decoded, phonics knowledge is being used. Learn more about phonics here.
Decoding is the ability to translate written letters into speech. Phonics knowledge is utilized to connect letters with their sounds to help with pronunciation. Segmenting words is a useful way to explore how each part of a word sounds.
Blending utilizes decoding skills to combine letter-sounds into complete words. Check out this quick and easy tutorial for excellent guidance on blending.